pictogram/pictograph - literal images - any additional meaning is in the conversation Examples

ideogram/ideograph - the picture stands for the whole idea; often in a series Example

aerophony/phonetic - representing speech sounds by means of symbols that have one value only Korean Language

myth - An extended symbol system encapsulating religious, philosophical or psychological "truths" often based on tribal memories.

pictograph - one of the symbols belonging to any graphic system the characters of which are to a considerable extent pictorial in appearance regardless of whether the symbols serve a pictographic , ideographic, or phonetic function

Labanotation: A Choreographer's Language (One) and (Two)

icon

logo

symbol - a sign which is constituted as a sign merely or mainly by the fact that is is used or understood as such; A mark that stands for or suggests something else (invisible or not); unrestrictive, crystalizes ideas without confining them

logogram - a. a letter or character or symbol or sign used to represent an entire word (as $ represents dollar)
b : an often conventionalized picture or a symbol that represents an object not easily indicated by a simple picture <a logogram in the form of the torch of learning stands for a school> Further info: http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logogram

combination mark - a graphical mark containing word and image. Read Bluetooth's Guidelines for theirs to get a good idea of the constraints surrounding such a creation.